Questions in this chapter

2. Based on your reading of the passage, make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow-chart showing the information about Sheikh Kamal's passion for sports and cultural activities: (No. 1 has been done for you.)

$\\$

Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his childhood there.

Kamal received his secondary education at Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed his SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College, and after his HSC Examination, he became a student at the department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Kamal had a colourful life marked by liveliness and creativity, Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music, and became a student of Chhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kamal had a passion for Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32.

It is well known to his friends that Sheikh Kamal used to begin his day practising the Sitar and during the day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening, he was often seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury.

Kamal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi- a cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira Chokro that introduced modern football in our country?

$\\$

$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline 1 . & \text { lover of classical music } &\rightarrow & 2 & \rightarrow & 3 & \rightarrow & 4 & \rightarrow & 5 & \rightarrow & 6\\\hline\end{array}$

3. Write a summary of the following text:

Hold fast to dreams

For if dreams die

Life is a broken-winged bird

For when dreams go

That cannot fly.

Hold fast to dreams

Life is a barren field

Frozen with snow.

1. Read the following text and answer the questions no. A and B:

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by nature a social animal.' What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the animals, however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with.

All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health.

To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1. A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) What does a man pursue?

(i) Wealth

(ii) Knowledge

(iii) Health

(iv) Relationship'

$\\$

(b) Intimate bonds are formed through - .

(i) separate

(ii) cheer

(iii) nourish

(iv) imply

$\\$

(c) The word 'foster' mentioned in the passage means - .

(i) nuptial arrangements

(ii) community support

(iii) familial relationships

(iv) professional relationships

$\\$

(d) We develop-relationship in school.

(i) social

(ii) familial

(iii) professional

(iv) educational

$\\$

(e) The best synonym of 'instinct' is

(i) instance

(ii) decent

(iii) impulse

(iv) significance

$\\$

(f) What keeps us close to each other?

(i) Family

(ii) Livelihood

(iii) Relationship

(iv) Society

$\\$

(g) What does the word 'isolation' In the passage refer to?

(i) Connection

(ii) Confinemen

(iii) Separation

(iv) Bond

$\\$

(h) The wild animals also need - .

(i) food

(ii) house

(iii) company

(iv) occupation

$\\$

(i) The word 'misery' mentioned in the passage means - .

(i) pleasure

(ii) impulse

(iii) suffering

(iv) turbulence

$\\$

(j) Which one is an effect of social segregation?

(i) Mental comfort

(ii) Marital gains

(iii) Physical pleasure

(iv) Emotional estrangement

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.B~}}$ Answer the following questions:

(a) Why is relationship so significant?

(b) What different types of relationships are there?

(c) What happens to a person who has no family?

(d) What are some of the preconditions of good relationship?

(e) How is man's relationship different from those of other animals?

2. Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing the Importance of education. (No. 1 is done for you):

$\\$

we use Education aims to bring about positive changes in our behaviour. It helps us try to change our lives as well as the society we live in. Education that does not illuminate our minds or does not inspire us to work for the community is not complete at all. Education is not all about getting grades or receiving certificates education to make life better. We are expected to apply the knowledge, skills and values that we learn in a classroom in our engagement with the world that lies outside. And we can do so in many different ways. Let's have a look at how education works. Learners' civic engagement is highly appreciated all over the world. Civic engagement means working to make a difference in the civic life (the public life of the citizens as contrasted with private or personal life) of the community using knowledge, skills, values and motivation. Civic engagement promotes the quality of life in a community by contributing to the improvement of health and welbeing of the people. Civically engaged individuals recognize themselves as members of a larger social community and are concerned about civic issues. They consider themselves responsible citizens who take action or raise their voices against injustice, discrimination and other forms of social ills.

$\\$

$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline \begin{array}{l}\text { 1. Brings about positive } \\\text { changes in behaviour }\end{array} & \rightarrow & 2 & \rightarrow & 3 & \rightarrow & 4 & \rightarrow & 5 & \rightarrow & 6 \\\hline\end{array}$

3. Summarize the following text:

$\\$

Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable so you are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a Dietician & Nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food, and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritional value but are high in calories, salt, and fats may be considered junk foods. Though not all fast foods are junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food but is definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas, and tacos may alternatebetween junk and healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing." Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates, and processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, among other chronic health problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects, the brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads, etc. leading to further lack of nourishment.

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. Kuakata in Latachapli union under Kalapara Police Station of Patuakhali district is about 30 km in length and 6 km in breadth. It is 70 km from Patuakhali district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination.

The name Kuakata takes its origin from the story of a 'Kua' or well dug on the sea shore by the early Rakhaine settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed on Kuakata coast after being expelled from Arakan by the Mughals. Following the first well, it became a tradition to dig wells in the neighborhood of Rakhaine homesteads for fresh water supply.

Kuakata is one of the unique spots which allows a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. That perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world's most attractive beaches. The long and wide beach at Kuakata has a typical natural setting. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving.

Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and a sanctuary for migratory winter birds. Fishing boats plying in the Bay of Bengal with colourful sails, surfing waves and the lines of coconut trees add to the vibrant colours of Kuakata. The indigenous culture of the Rakhaine community and hundred year old Buddhist Temples indicate the age-old tradition and cultural heritage of this area.

Kuakata is also a holy land for the Hindus and Buddhists. Each year thousands of devotees come here to attend the festivals Rash Purnima and Maghi Purnima. On these two days, pilgrims take holy bath and enjoy going to the traditional fairs.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1~}}$

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. The word 'located' in line 1 could be best replaced by-----.

i) local people

ii) looted

iii) situated

iv) available

$\\$

b. At Kuakata, visitors can take pleasure in watching from the sea beach-----.

i) only the sunrise

ii) only the sunset

iii) both the sunrise and the sunset

iv) all of the above are false

$\\$

C. The word 'Shimmering' in the text could be best replaced by -----

i) shivering

ii) shining

iii) significant

iv) glaring

$\\$

d. 'Scenic spot' refers to-----.

i) a place having multiple scenes

ii) a place having a calm atmosphere

iii) a place of unparalleled natural beauty

iv) a place having untidy spots

$\\$

e. Where did the Rakhaine live earlier?

i) On Kuakata coast

ii) in Patuakhali district

iii) Southernmost tip of India

iv) in Arakan

$\\$

f. The word 'devotee' stands for-----

i) a person who is devoted to something

ii) a person who is hostile to somebody

iii) a person who is devoid of something

iv) a person who has no dwelling place

$\\$

g. Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and a sanctuary for migratory winter birds.------- What does it imply?

i) it is an unused beach

ii) it is a habitat for migratory birds

iii) it is an abode of winter birds

iv) All the above statements are correct

$\\$

h. In Kuakata, tourism can be a-source of earning money.

i) detrimental

ii) spontaneous

iii) lucrative

iv) perilous

$\\$

i. What does the word 'settler' in the passage mean?

i) gypsy

ii) nomadic

iii) vagabond

iv) dweller

$\\$

j. Why is Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination?

i) For an excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty

ii) Because of sandy beaches and blue sky

iii) For the simmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal

iv) All of the above answers are correct

Read the passage below and answer the questions 2 and 3:

My brothers,

I stand before you today with a heart overflowing with grief. You are fully aware of the events that are going on and understand their import. We have been trying to do our best to cope with the situation. And yet, unfortunately, the streets of Dhaka, Chattogram, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur are awashed with the blood of our brothers. The people of Bengal now want to be free, the people of Bengal now want to live, and the people of Bengal now want their rights.

What have we done that was wrong? After the elections, the people of Bangladesh voted as one for me, for the Awami League. We were to sit in the National Assembly, draft a constitution for ourselves there, and build our country; the people of this land would thereby get economic, political and cultural freedom. But it is with regret that I have to report to you today that we have passed through twenty-three tragic years; Bengal's history of those years is full of stories of torture inflicted on our people, of bloodshed by them repeatedly. Twenty-three years of a history of men and women in agony. The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the elections of 1954 we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten years, In 1966 when we launched the Six Point Movement our boys were shot dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power and Yahya Khan assumed the reigns of the government, he declared that he would give us a constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and elections have taken place.

I've met President Yahya Khan. I've made a request to him not only on behalf of Bengal but also as the leader of the party which has the majority in Pakistan; I said to him: "You must hold the session of the National Assembly on 15 January." But he did not listen to me. He listened to Mr. Bhutto instead. At first he said that the meeting would take place in the first week of March. We said, "Fine, we will be taking our seats in the Assembly then." I said we would carry out our discussions in the Assembly. I went so far as to say that if anyone came up with an offer that was just, even though we were in the majority, we would agree to that offer.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~A~}}$

Answer the following questions:

(a) "People of Bangladesh now want to be free."----Explain the line in context of the passage.

(b) How can a country get economic, political and cultural freedom?

(c) Why is 1966 important for us?

(d) Do you know the period mentioned as the 'twenty three tragic years'? Why was the period termed as tragic? Explain in your own words.

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~2~}}$

Answer the following questions with synonym and antonym as directed.

(a) grief (antonym) (b) constitution (synonym) (c) torture (synonym) (d) agony (antonym) (e) enslave (synonym) (f) democracy (antonym) (g) assembly (synonym) (h) movement (synonym) (i) repeatedly (antonym) (j) majority (antonym).

Read the passage below and answer the questions 2 and 3:

Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people's emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world.

"I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days," Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president in 1994, ... "The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come."

"We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation." In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honour he shared with F. W. de Klerk, the white African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~2~}}$

Read the passage given above and answer the following questions:

(a) Who was Nelson Mandela? What is the ideal of Mandela?

(b) What did Nelson Mandela say in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president?

(c) What is race discrimination? What was Mandela's remarks on race discrimination?

(d) Why is Mandela called an icon of peace and reconciliation?

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~3~}}$

Read the passage given above and write the synonym or antonym of the words as directed below.

(a) shackle (synonym) (b) icon (synonym) (c) emancipation (synonym) (d) war (antonym) (e) hate (antonym) (f) fought (synonym) (g) acceptance (antonym) (h) bridge (synonym) (i) awarded (antonym) (j) prison (synonym)

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous rivers, canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki Haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh.

Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The most important beels are Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Balijhuri, Lamba, Tekonia, Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura.

Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj- Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura-Beanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor.

Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda, and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara, there are frequent upstream movements of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early. monsoon, these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1~}}$

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. What does the word 'Inland' mean?

i) close

ii) outlet

iii) internal

iv) lineage

$\\$

b. What could be the closest meaning for 'numerous'?

i) few

ii) measurable

iii) immeasurable

iv) tiny

$\\$

c. Hakaluki haor is of -hectares.

i) 18,000

ii) 18,386

iii) 1,90,000

iv) 1,90,500

$\\$

d. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in ------.

i) March 1999

ii) April 1999

iii) May 1999

iv) June 1999

$\\$

e. Hakaluki haor is located in----

i) Sylhet and Hobigonj

ii) Maulvibazar and Sunamgonj

iii) Sylhet and Maulvibazar

iv)Sunamganj and Hobigonj

$\\$

f. The ecosystem of Hakaluki is-----

i) normal

ii) ordinary

iii) intricate

iv) shrewd

$\\$

g. The best synonym of 'tributaries' is-----

i) close

ii) branches

iii) tribute

iv) enhancement

$\\$

h. 'Livelihood' could be best replaced by----

i) way of life

ii) source of life

iii) source of income

iv) stage after adulthood

$\\$

i. What is the meaning of the word 'aquatic'?

i) terrestrial

ii) marine

iii) plant

iv) fertile

$\\$

j. Hakaluki is bounded by the Kulaura-Beanibazer road to the-----.

i) east

ii) west

iii) south

iv) south-west

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders, spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possibly, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you can't always behave the way you want specially in the presence of others. There are rules of behaviour you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behaviour on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members.

We have two terms to describe our social behaviour- 'etiquette' and 'manners.' 'Etiquette' is a French word and it means the rules of correct behaviour in society. The word 'manners' means the behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one's mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society.

We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behaviour for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them and practise them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club. Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say 'please' and 'thank you' in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as 'pardon me', 'excuse me', 'may I', are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1~}}$

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. What is the closest meaning of the word 'Greet'?

i) congratulate

ii) welcome

iii) consider

iv) see off

$\\$

b. The phrase 'keep quiet' in the passage stands for-----

i) noisy

ii) stand

iii) silent

iv) chaos

$\\$

c. The synonym of 'schooling' is----

i) knowledge

ii) experience

iii) sensibility

iv) education

$\\$

d. What should be the antonym of 'certainly'?

i) discertainly

ii) miscertainly

iii) uncertainly

iv) none-certainly

$\\$

e. Our social behaviour is described by-----terms.

i) three

ii) four

iii) one

iv) two

$\\$

f. The word 'polite' can be replaced by------.

i) gentle

ii) calm

iii) wise

iv) silent

$\\$

g. Manners is of------kinds.

i) five

ii) six

iii) two

iv) four

$\\$

h. A bad mannered person is disliked by -------

i) nobody

ii) everybody

iii) somebody

iv) someone

$\\$

i. 'Please' is a kind of-----

i) order

ii) proposal

iii) request

iv) offerings

$\\$

j. The word 'occasions' can be replaced by-----

i) meetings

ii) programmes

iii) entertainments

iv) feasts

Read the passage below and answer the questions 2 and 3:

Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. Kuakata in Latachapli union under Kalapara Police Station of Patuakhali district is about 30 km in length and 6 km in breadth. It is 70 km from Patuakhali district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination.

The name Kuakata takes its origin from the story of a 'Kua' or well dug on the sea shore by the early Rakhaine settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed on Kuakata coast after being expelled from Arakan by the Mughals. Following the first well, it became a tradition to dig wells in the neighborhood of Rakhaine homesteads for fresh water supply.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~2~}}$

Answer the following questions:

(a) What is the distance of Kuakata from Patuakhali and Dhaka?

(b) What makes Kuakata an attractive tourist spot?

(c) How is the name Kuakata originated?

(d) Why did the Rakhaines come to Kuakata?

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~3~}}$

Read the passage and then write the anotonym and synonym of the words as directed.

(a) rare (Synonym) (b) natural (Antonym) (c) excellent (Synonym) (d) follow (Antonym) (e) forest (Synonym) (f) early (Antonym) (g) destination (Synonym) (h) expel (Antonym) (i) tradition (Synonym) (j) fresh (Antonym)

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. Kuakata in Latachapli union under Kalapara Police Station of Patuakhali district is about 30 km in length and 6 km in breadth. It is 70 km from Patuakhali district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination.

The name Kuakata takes its origin from the story of a 'Kua' or well dug on the sea shore by the early Rakhaine settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed on Kuakata coast after being expelled from Arakan by the Mughals. Following the first well, it became a tradition to dig wells in the neighborhood of Rakhaine homesteads for fresh water supply.

Kuakata is one of the unique spots which allows a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. That perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world's most attractive beaches. The long and wide beach at Kuakata has a typical natural setting. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving.

Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and a sanctuary for migratory winter birds. Fishing boats plying in the Bay of Bengal with colourful sails, surfing waves and the lines of coconut trees add to the vibrant colours of Kuakata. The indigenous culture of the Rakhaine community and hundred year old Buddhist Temples indicate the age-old tradition and cultural heritage of this area.

Kuakata is also a holy land for the Hindus and Buddhists. Each year thousands of devotees come here to attend the festivals Rash Purnima and Maghi Purnima. On these two days, pilgrims take holy bath and enjoy going to the traditional fairs.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1~}}$

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. What does the word 'rare' mentioned in the passage refer to?

i) common

ii) trifle

iii) general

iv) uncommon

$\\$

b. What is the verb form of 'beauty' mentioned in the passage?

i) beautiful

ii) beautifully

iii) beautify

iv) beautification

$\\$

c. The word 'indigenous' in the passage means—

i) alien

ii) native

iii) foreign

iv) akin

$\\$

d. The synonym of 'perhaps' is

i) frankly

ii) unlikely

iii) probably

iv) truly

$\\$

e. Kuakata is a holy land for -----.

i) the Buddhists

ii) the RAkhaine

iii) the Hindus

iv) both the Hindus and Buddhists

$\\$

f. The Rakhaines originally came from-

i) Arakan district

ii) Kuakata coast

iii) Latachapli union

iv) Patuakhali district

$\\$ g. What does the word 'origin' in the passage refer to?

i) end

ii) source

iii) outlet

iv) introduction

$\\$

h. The word 'unique' mentioned in the passage is a/an-----.

i) verb

ii) adverb

iii) outlet

iv) noun

$\\$

i. The word 'holy' mentioned in the passage means-

i) open

ii) shrine

iii) free

iv) pure

$\\$

j. When, according to the passage, did the Rakhaines settle down on Kuakata coast?

i) When they were invited by the Mughals

ii) When they were expelled from their country by the Mughals

iii) When they found the land suitable for living

iv) When the Mughals came to Arakans

Read the passage below and answer the questions 2 and 3:

As a child you must have been told to greet your elders and visitors to your home according to your culture and tradition. You must also have been taught to be polite in company and keep quiet while others, especially your elders, spoke. Possibly, you at times grudged such schooling. Possibly, at times you even protested such disciplining. Now, certainly you know that you can't always behave the way you want specially in the presence of others. There are rules of behaviour you have to follow in a company. We are social beings and have to consider the effect of our behaviour on others, even if we are at home and dealing with our family members.

We have two terms to describe our social behaviour- 'etiquette' and 'manners.' 'Etiquette' is a French word and it means the rules of correct behaviour in society. The word 'manners' means the behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one's mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society.

We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behaviour for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them and practise them in everyday life.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~2~}}$

Answer the following questions:

(a) What do you mean by 'etiquette' and 'manners'?

(b) What have we been taught as a child to do when we are in company?

(c) Manner can be good or bad. - Explain the statement.

(d) Where do we learn etiquette and manners from? Why do we have to be careful about etiquette and manners?

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~3~}}$

Read the passage and then write the antonym or synonym of the words as directed below:

(a) tradition (synonym) (b) elders (antonym) (c) wedding (synonym) (d) pleasant (antonym) (e) protest (antonym) (f) possibly (synonym) (g) company (synonym) (h) presence (antonym) (i) polite (synonym) (j) behave (antonym)

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Kuakata, locally known as Sagar Kannya (Daughter of the Sea) is a rare scenic spot located on the southernmost tip of Bangladesh. Kuakata in Latachapli union under Kalapara Police Station of Patuakhali district is about 30 km in length a 6 km in breadth. It is 70 km from Patuakhali district headquarters and 320 km from Dhaka. An excellent combination of the picturesque natural beauty, sandy beaches, blue sky and the shimmering expanse of water of the Bay of Bengal and the evergreen forest makes Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination.

The name Kuakata takes. its origin from the story of a 'Kua' or well dug on the sea shore by the early Rakhaine settlers for collecting drinking water. The Rakhaines had landed on Kuakata coast after being expelled from Arakan by the Mughals. Following the first well, it became a tradition to dig wells in the neighborhood of Rakhaine homesteads for fresh water supply.

Kuakata is one of the unique spots which allow a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach. That perhaps makes Kuakata one of the world's most attractive beaches. The long and wide beach at Kuakata has a typical natural setting. This sandy beach slopes gently into the Bay and bathing there is as pleasant as is swimming or diving.

Kuakata is truly a virgin beach and a sanctuary for migratory winter birds. Fishing boats plying in the Bay of Bengal with colourful sails, surfing waves and the lines of coconut trees add to the vibrant colours of Kuakata. The indigenous culture of the Rakhaine community and hundred year old Buddhist Temples indicate the age-old tradition and cultural heritage of this area.

Kuakata is also a holy land for the Hindus and Buddhists. Each year thousands of devotees come here to attend the festivals Rash Purnima and Maghi Purnima. On these two days, pilgrims take holy bath and enjoy going to the traditional fairs.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1~}}$

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. Where is the Kuakata located?

i) in Khulna

ii) in Barguna

iii) in Barishal

iv) in Patuakhali

$\\$

b. What does the word 'known' in the passage refer to?

i) common

ii) obscure

iii) familiar

iv) rare

$\\$

e. The Rakhaines were expelled by ------

i) distortion

ii) repulsive

iii) attractive

iv) preversion

$\\$

f. The Rakhaines originally came from------.

i) Arakan district

ii) Latachapli Union

iii) Lusai

iv) Laos

$\\$

g. The word 'heritage' mentioned in the passage means------.

i) usual

ii) common

iii) tradition

iv) administration

$\\$

h. The word 'indigenous' mentioned in the passage means--------.

i) foreign

ii) native

iii) alien

iv) akin

$\\$

i. What does the word 'picturesque' in the passage refer to?

i) ugly

ii) vivid

iii) attractive

iv) typical

$\\$

j. Kuakata is also a holy place for the------

i) Buddhists and Muslims

ii) Aryans and Algerians

iii) Hindus and Buddhists

iv) Indians and Iranians

Read the passage below and answer the questions 2 and 3:

Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and lifestyles are shaped. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives. There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.

The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterized by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to a widespread practice of child marriage, marginalization or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and a vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.

In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys.

However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~2~}}$

Answer the following questions:

(a) How can you define the term 'adolescence'?

(b) Why are the adolescents considered to be important?

(c) What is the situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh?

(d) What does gender inequality lead to?

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~3~}}$

Read the above passage again and then write the antonyms or synonyms of the words as directed below:

(a) core (synonym) (b) style (synonym) (c) violence (synonym) (d) inequality (antonym) (e) constitute (synonym) (f) abuse (antonym) (g) legal (synonym) (h) affluent (antonym) (i) wide spread (synonym) (j) growth (antonym).

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Bangladesh is blessed with huge inland open water resources. It has numerous rivers, canals, beels, lakes, and vast areas of floodplains. Hakaluki Haor is one of the major wetlands of Bangladesh. With a land area of 18,386 hectares, it supports a rich biodiversity and provides direct and indirect livelihood benefits to nearly 190,000 people. This haor was declared an Ecologically Critical Area in April 1999 by the government of Bangladesh.

Hakaluki is a complex ecosystem, containing more than 238 interconnecting beels and jalmahals. The most important beels are Chatla, Pinlarkona, Dulla, Sakua, Barajalla, Balijhuri, Lamba, Tekonia, Haorkhal, Tural, Baghalkuri and Chinaura.

Hakaluki Haor is bounded by the Kushiara river as well as a part of the Sonai-Bardal river to the north, by the Fenchuganj. Kulaura railway to the west and to the south, and by the Kulaura-Beanibazar road to the east. The haor falls under two administrative districts, Maulvibazar and Sylhet. Some 190,000 people live in the area surrounding the haor.

Hakaluki Haor is an important source of fisheries resources for Bangladesh. Kalibaus, Boal, Rui, Ghagot, Pabda, and Chapila are the main fish species found here. From the Kushiara, there are frequent upstream movements of fish towards the beels and tributaries of Hakaluki. The beels in Hakaluki haor provide winter shelter for the mother fisheries. In early monsoon, these mother fisheries produce millions of fries for the entire downstream fishing communities. Floodplains are also an important source of fisheries resources within the area. However, many of the beels have lost their capacity to provide shelter for mother fisheries because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals, use of complete dewatering technique for fishing and lack of aquatic plants to provide feed and shelter for parent fish.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1~}}$

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. The word 'resource' 'stands for----

i) wealth

ii) establishment

iii) source

iv) entrance

$\\$

b. 'Livelihood' could be best replaced by-----

i) credit

ii) subsistence

iii) profit

iv) endurance

$\\$

c. When do the mother fisheries produce fries?

i) in winter season

ii) in the spring

iii) in summer season

iv) in rainy season

$\\$

d. Why have the beels lost the capacity to provide shelter for mother fries?

i) because of the scarcity of water

ii) because of extreme water flow

iii) because of sand deposits from upstream rivers and canals

iv) because of water pollution

$\\$

e. What does the word 'falls' mean in the passage?

i) refers to

ii) divides into

iii) belongs to

iv) drops into

$\\$

f. The word 'aquatic' refers to----

i) fertile

ii) terrestrial

iii) small

iv) marine

g. Choose the false statement from the following

i) Hakaluki Haor is an Ecologically Critical Area

ii) 1.9 million people live in the area surrounding Hakaluki Haor

iii) Hakaluki Haor is surrounded by a river called Chatla

iv) Different kinds of fisheries are available in Hakaluki Haor

$\\$

h. What does 'parent fish' refer to?

i) either mother or father fish

ii) roe or fish egg

iii) brood of fish

iv) all of them

$\\$

i. The word 'dewater' in the passage implies-----

i) to fill with water

ii) to pour water

iii) to use water

iv) to drain water

$\\$

j. What does the word 'blessed' imply?

i) inundated

ii) flooded

iii) gifted

iv) cursed

Read the passage below and answer the questions 2 and 3:

Children must pass through several stages in their lives to become adults. For most people, there are four or five such stages of growth where they learn certain things: infancy (birth to age 2), early childhood (3 to 8 years), later childhood (9 to 12 years) and adolescence (13 to 18 years). Persons 18 and over are considered adults in our society. Of course, there are some who will try to act older than their years. But, for the most part, most individuals have to go through these stages irrespective of their economic or social status. World Health Organization (WHO) identifies adolescence as the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood. This phase represents one of the critical transitions in one's life span and is characterized by fast paced growth and change which are second only to those at infancy. Biological processes drive many aspects of this growth and development with the onset of puberty marking the passage from childhood to adolescence. The biological determinants of adolescence are fairly universal; however, the duration and defining characteristics of this period may vary across time, cultures, and socio-economic situations. This period has seen many changes over the past century-puberty for example, comes earlier than before, people marry late, and their sexual attitudes and behaviours are different from their grandparents, or even parents. Among the factors responsible for the change are education, urbanisation and spread of global communication. The time of adolescence is a period of preparation for adulthood during which one experiences several key developments. Besides physical and sexual maturation, these experiences include movement towards social and economic independence, development of identity, the acquisition of skills needed to carry out adult relationships and roles and the capacity for abstract reasoning. While adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential, it is also a time of considerable risks during which social contexts exert powerful influences.

Many adolescents face pressure to use alcohol, cigarettes, or other drugs and to initiate sexual relationships putting themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries, unintended pregnancies, and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Many also experience a wide range of adjustment and mental health problems.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~2~}}$

Answer the following questions:

(a) Define adolescence in your own words.

(b) What are the experiences an adolescent undergoes?

(c) Mention the stages of growth from childhood to adulthood.

(d) "Adolescence is a time of tremendous growth and potential." Describe in brief.

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~3~}}$

Read the passage again and then write the synonym or antonym of the following words as directed.

(a) situation (synonym) (b) fairly (antonym) (c) independence (antonym) (d) reasoning (synonym) (e) abstract (antonym) (f) consider (synonym) (g) exert (antonym) (h) potential (antonym) (i) individual (synonym) (j) tremendous (synonym)

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and lifestyles are shaped. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives. There are 28 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.

The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterized by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to a widespread practice of child marriage, marginalization or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and a vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.

In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to marry, at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1~}}$

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. What could be the closest meaning of the word 'constitute' in the first sentence?

i) take

ii) form

iii) add

iv) mark

$\\$

b. The phrase 'take place' in the second sentence stands for-----

i) occur

ii) recur

iii) go to place

iv) all of them

$\\$

c. The synonym of 'affluent' is-----

i) destitute

ii) poor

iii) poverty

iv) well off

$\\$

d. What could be the closest meaning of the word 'core' in the first sentence?

i) alternative

ii) subsidiary

iii) central

iv) minor

$\\$

e. The phrase 'leads to' in the passage refers to------.

i) results of

ii) results in

iii) results from

iv) results to

$\\$

f. Adolescence is a-period from childhood to adulthood.

i) constant

ii) transitional

iii) rigid

iv) fixed

$\\$

g. The synonym of legal is------.

i) illicit

ii) banned

iii) prohibited

iv) lawful

$\\$

h. The word 'economic' can be replaced by------.

i) monetary

ii) economical

iii) cheap

iv) financed

$\\$

i. The word 'widespread' mentioned in the passage means-----.

i) limited

ii) wide-ranging

iii) narrow

iv) minor

$\\$

j. The word 'marginalization' refers to -------.

i) holding a lot a power

ii) underestimation

iii) boldness in decision making

iv) having sympathy for others

Read the passage and answer the following questions.

My brothers,

I stand before you today with a heart overflowing with grief. You are fully aware of the events that are going on and understand their import. We have been trying to do our best to cope with the situation. And yet, unfortunately, the streets of Dhaka, Chattogram, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur are awashed with the blood of our brothers. The people of Bengal now want to be free, the people of Bengal now want to live, and the people of Bengal now want their rights. What have we done that was wrong? After the elections, the people of Bangladesh voted as one for me, for the Awami League. We were to sit in the National Assembly, draft a constitution for ourselves there, and build our country; the people of this land would thereby get economic political and cultural freedom. But it is with regret that I have to report to you today that we have passed through twenty-three tragic years; Bengal's history of those years is full of stories of torture inflicted on our people, of blood shed by them repeatedly. Twenty-three years of a history of men and women in agony! The history of Bengal is the history of a people who have repeatedly made their highways crimson with their blood. We shed blood in 1952; even though we were the victors in the elections of 1954 we could not form a government then. In 1958 Ayub Khan declared Martial Law to enslave us for the next ten years, In 1966 when we launched the Six Point Movement our boys were shot dead on 7 June. When after the movement of 1969 Ayub Khan fell from power and Yahya Khan assumed the reins of the government he declared that he would give us a constitution and restore democracy; we listened to him then. A lot has happened since and elections have taken place.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~A~}}$

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

a. The world 'grief' refers to

i) pleasure

ii) sadness

iii) severe pain

iv) surprise

$\\$

b. The phrase 'aware of' in the second sentence indicates-----

i) think of

ii) conscious of

iii) free of

iv) sure of

$\\$

c. How many cities have been mentioned here?

i). two

ii) seven

iii) four

iv) five

$\\$

d. The people of Bengal voted for-----

i) the Awami League

ii) the Muslim League

iii) Ayub Khan

iv) Yahya Khan

$\\$

e. Why did Ayub Khan declared Martial Law?

i) to enslave us

ii) to serve us

iii) to develop this state

iv) to win the election

$\\$

f. When was the six-point-movement launched?

i) in 1970

ii) in 1966

iii) in 1990

iv) in 1958

$\\$

g. Who fell from power after the movement of 1969?

i) Ayub Khan

ii) Yahya Khan

iii) Shahbaz Khan

iv) Tikka Khan

$\\$ h. The word 'torture' in line 14 indicates----

i) physical comfort

ii) physical and mental pain

iii) mental peace

iv) feeling of boredom

$\\$

i. How many years did the people of Bengal pass in agony?

i) 25 years

ii) 24 years

iii) 30 years

iv) 23 years

$\\$

j. During the six-point-movement, people were shot dead on-----

i) 7 March

ii) 26 March

iii) 16 December

iv) 7 June

Read the passage below and answer the questions 2 and 3:

We have two terms to describe our social behaviour- 'etiquette' and 'manners.' 'Etiquette' is a French word and it means the rules of correct behaviour in society. The word 'manners' means the behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture. Manners can be good or bad. For example, it is a bad manner to speak with food in one's mouth. No one likes a bad-mannered person. Remember that etiquette and manners vary from culture to culture and from society to society.

We learn etiquette and manners from our parents, families and various institutions, such as schools, colleges or professional bodies. There are rules of behaviour for all kinds of social occasions and it is important to learn them a practise them in everyday life. The manners that are correct in a wedding reception will not do in a debating club.Therefore, we have to be careful about etiquette and manners. We know how important it is to say 'please' and 'thank you' in everyday life. A few more polite expressions such as 'pardon me', 'excuse me', 'may I', are bound to make your day smooth and pleasant.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~2~}}$

Answer the following questions:

(a) What does the word 'etiquette' mean?

(b) What does the word 'manners' refer to?

(c) From where do we learn manners?

(d) Give an example of a bad manner.

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~3~}}$

Read the text above and write the synonym or antonym of the words as directed.

(a) correct (antonym) (b ) polite (synonym) (c) particular (synonym) (d) remember (antonym) (e) vary (antonym) (f) institution (synonym) (g) profession (synonym) (h) careful (antonym) (i) bound (synonym) (i) smooth (antonym)