Questions in this chapter

1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.

Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. He spent his childhood there. Kamal received his secondary education at Dhaka's BAF Shaheen School from where he passed his SSC examination. He was then admitted to Dhaka College, and after his HSC examination, he became a student at the department of Sociology of Dhaka University. Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music, and became a student of Chhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kamal had a passion for Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32. It is well known to his friends that Sheikh Kamal used to begin his day practicing the Sitar and during the day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening he was often seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performance of Kabar written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kamal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi a cultural organization. And who doesn't know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira Chokro that introduced modern football, in our country?

There are interesting traits in Kamal's character. He was the eldest son of a Prime Minister and later of a President. Yet, his life was very simple. He didn't take any advantage of his father's name and office. As he loved to spend time with his friends at Tungipara in his childhood, he loved to do the same during his college and university days. Watching good movies with them in Madhumita, Naz, or Balaka cinema hall was also something that he really liked.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) The word 'liveliness' refers to -.

(i) loveliness

(ii) weariness

(iii) exuberance

(iv) dullness

$\\$

(b). The phrase 'took part' in the passage implies -.

(i) got out

(ii) showed off

(iii) partook

(iv) abandoned

$\\$

(c) Sheikh Kamal became a student of Chhayanaut with a view to

(i) learn sitar

(ii) learning sitar

(iii) learnt sitar

(iv) have a sitar

$\\$

(d) Sheikh Kamal had a great for classical music..

(i) indifference

(ii) fascination

(iii) dislike

(iv) apathy

$\\$

(e) The phrase 'well-known' is a/an-.

(i) adjective phrase

(ii) adverbial phrase

(iii) noun phrase

(iv) prepositional phrase

$\\$

(f) 'Tutelage' in the text could be best replaced by

(i) tuition

(ii) tutor

(iii) address

(iv) guardianship

$\\$

(g) Road no. 32 is a -.

(i) road only

(ii) residence (iii) part of the history of Bangladesh.

(iv) President house

$\\$

(h) The play 'Kabar' is written by-

(i) Ustad Ful Mohammad

(ii) Dhaka Theatre

(iii) Spondon Shilpi Gosthi

(iv) Shaheed Munir Chowdhury

$\\$

( i) A playwright is a person who -.

(i) acts on the stage

(ii) stages a play

(iii) writes 'a drama

(iv) makes a cinema

$\\$

(j) Sheikh Kamal started his day by-.

(i) playing cricket

(ii) practicing the sitar

(iii) rehearsing a play

(iv) playing basketball

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~B~}}$ Answer the ( following questions:)

a) What do you know about the parentage and birthplace of Sheikh Kamal?

(b) Sheikh Kamal was both a sports lover and a good organizer. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

(c) What do you know about Sheikh Kamal's participation in cultural activities?

(d) What type of life did Sheikh Kamal lead?

(e) How did Sheikh Kamal spend his childhood?

1. Read the passage and answer the questions below: Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to

empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.

First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.

Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories.

Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud wrote that dreams are ". disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes.

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) The Interpretation of Dreams is a -.

(i ) biological book

(ii) theoretical book

(iii) detective book

(iv) gothic book

$\\$

(b) What does the word 'disguised' mean in the passage?

(i) hidden

(ii) real

(iii) genuine

(iv) fake

$\\$

( c) 'Puzzling over the content of a dream' - What does it imply?

(i) thinking deeply about the subject of dream

(ii) thinking deeply about the condition of dream

(iii) thinking deeply about the satisfaction of dream

(iv) thinking lightly about the subject of dream

$\\$

(d) What does the word 'consensus' mean?

(i) refusal

(ii) discord

(iii) agreement

(iv) dismissa

$\\$

(e) In which issue researchers differ a lot?

(i) dimension of dream

(ii) purpose and function of dream

(iii) hazards of dream

(iv) essentials of dream

$\\$

(f) When are the images, thoughts and emotions of a dream experienced?

(i) after sleep

(ii) before sleep

(iii) during waking hours

(iv) during sleep

$\\$

(g) Sigmund Freud was a -

(i) physicist

(ii) neurotic

(iii) psychologist

(iv) palmist

$\\$

(h) We may often find ourselves - during dream.

(i) perplexed

(ii) sorry

(iii) sad

(iv) sadness

$\\$

(i) Which of the following is true?

(i) There is a definite reason of dreaming.

(ii) Dreams are a representation of conscious desires.

(iii) Scientists have been researching dreams for thousands of years.

(iv) We are very often puzzled by the content of dream.

$\\$

(j) The word 'cognitive' means - .

(i) mental process of understanding

(iii) process of keeping good health

(ii) process of music

(iv) process of developing thoughts

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~B~}}$ Answer the following questions:

(a) What is the theory of Sigmund Freud about dream?

(b) How much has science been successful in explaining dreams?

(c) What are the benefits of dream?

(d) What does the expression 'disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes' mean?

(e) Define dream in your own language

2. Read the following text and make a flow chart showing Jerry's extraordinary character in each of the boxes. (No. 1 has been done for you.)

$\\$

At daylight I was half awakened by the sound of chopping. Again it was so even in texture that I went back to sleep. When I left my bed in the cool morning, the boy had come and gone, and a stack of kindling was neat against the cabin wall. He came after school in the afternoon and worked until time to return to the orphanage. His name was Jerry. he had been at the orphanage since he was four..I could picture him at four, with the same grave gray-blue eyes and the same - independence? No, the word that comes to me is "integrity" is bedded on courage, but it is more than brave. It is honest, but it is more than honesty. The ax handle broke one day. Jerry'said the woodshop at the orphanage would repair it. I brought money to pay for the job and he refused it. "I'll pay for it," he said. "I broke it. I brought the ax down careless." "But no one hits accurately every time," I told him. "The fault was in the wood of the handle. I'll see the man from whom I bought it." It was only then that he would take the money. He was standing back of his own carelessness. He was a free- will agent and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took the responsibility without subterfuge.

3. Write a summary of the following text:

The act of thinking deeply and calmly about something in a state of heightened awareness is known as meditation. It is an approach to train up the mind, similar to the way that fitness is an approach to training the body.

Meditation in our time is practiced by people to reduce stress and tension, and improve focus. There are trainers who help beginners with some exercises such as improved breathing and progressive relaxation. One of the most common approaches to meditation is concentration.

Meditation releases anxiety and brings a state of calmness. It increases the thinking ability of human brain so that people have a better control of their emotions. Those who practice meditation can work tirelessly for a - longer period of time. Meditation helps improve blood circulation in the brain and other parts of the body. Finally, mediation improves creativity, self-awareness and tolerance.

4. Read the following text and fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the box. There are more words than needed. Make any grammartical change if nessary.

$\begin{array}{l}\text { } \mathrm{}\\\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline \text { crown } & \text { vote } & \text { organize } & \text {entertain} & \text {certain} & \text {approximate} \\\hline \text { great } & \text { prestige } & \text { hold } & \text {practice} & \text {remember} & \text {difference} \\\hline \end{array}\end{array}$

Football is the most popular and exciting event for all classes of people. The World Cup football is the (a) - earth show in the world. It is the most (b) - international tournament of football. The competition takes place once in every four years. FIFA World Cup-2022 was (c) - in Qatar from 20 November to 18 December. 32. teams of (d) - nations participated in the tournament. (e) - over $220 billion were spent in organizing this tournament. There were 64 matches played in eight venues across five cities. The final match was (f) - between France and Argentina. Argentina was (g) - champion and captain Lionel Messi was (h) - the best player of the tournament. The 2022 World Cup was really a great source of (i) - and will be ever (j) — .

1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B:

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the 'color of their skin but by the content of their character.

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping ... with the words of 'interposition' and 'nullification', that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together." With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of mdespair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day...... So, let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.......

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. When we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) What does the phrase 'all of God's children' mean?

(i) All the Christians

(ii) All the Americans

(iii) All human beings

(iv) All the black people

$\\$

(b) What is the synonym of 'sweltering'?

(i) Soothing

(ii) Tranquil

(iii) Scorching

(iv) Pleasing

$\\$

(c) What does the phrase 'All flesh' mean in the passage?

(i) White people

(ii) Americans

(iii) Black people

(iv) Protestants

$\\$

( d) The word 'despair' refers to -.

(i) rejection

(ii) attraction

(iii) frustration

(iv) inspiration

(e) What does the word 'Oasis' mean?

$\\$

(i) A hottest place in desert

(ii) A watery place in desert

(iii) A cool place on the hilltop

(iv) A hot place in the polar region

$\\$

(f) The word 'vicious' mentioned in the passage means-.

(i) hateful.

(ii) generous

(iii) ruthless

(iv) auspicious

$\\$

(g) "And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together." -What does it imply?

(i) equality of human being

(ii) glory of nature

(iii) difference between the black and the white

(iv) all the above

$\\$

( h) The word 'prodigious' in the passage implies -.

(i) talented

(ii) gigantic

(iii) impotent

(iv) unproductive

$\\$

(i) What does the phrase 'Let freedom ring' mean?

(i) freedom should make sounds

(ii) freedom should make people alert

(iii) freedom should appear

(iv) people may achieve freedom

$\\$

(j)"Jangling discords of our nation will turn into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood'- What does it imply?

(i) the existing harmony will turn into jangling

(ii) the existing discord will turn into concord

(iii) the existing agreement will turn into disagreement

(iv) the existing concord will turn into discord

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.B~}}$ Answer the following questions:

(a) Why did the speaker have these dreams?

(b) How were the Black treated before achieving their freedom?

( c) What does the speaker dream for his four children?

(d) What transformation will happen in the state of Mississippi?

(e) When will all of God's children sing in the words of the old Negro Spiritual?

2. Read the following text and make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow-chart showing Sheikh Kamal's cultural activities and his foundations. (No. 1 has been done for you.)

Sheikh Kamal, the eldest son of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bangamata Fazilatunnesa Mujib, was born at Tungipara in Gopalganj district. Kamal had a colorful life marked by liveliness and creativity. Besides his academic studies, he also pursued his passion for sports and cultural activities. He was a first division basketball and cricket player as well as a sports organizer. He was also interested in classical music, and became a student of Chhayanaut to learn Sitar under the tutelage of Ustad Ful Mohammad. Apart from Sitar, Kamal had a passion for Piano. He had a good collection of musical instruments on the second floor of their house at Dhanmondi, Road no. 32.

Sheikh Kamal used to begin his day practising the Sitar and during the day played basketball or football or cricket. In the evening, he was often seen on stage rehearsing a play. He took part in stage performance of 'Kabar' written by prominent playwright Shaheed Munir Chowdhury. Kamal was one of the founders of Dhaka Theatre. He was also a founder of Spondon Shilpi Gosthi a cultural organization. And who does not know that Sheikh Kamal was the founder of Abahoni Krira Chokro that introduced modern football in our country ?

$\text { 1. Becoming a student of Chhayanaut } \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 3 \rightarrow 4 \rightarrow 5 \rightarrow 6$

3 . Write a summary of the following text:

The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her in-laws' household. In the in- laws' house, she is marginalised. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are significant health risks in terms of pregnancy and child birth. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate

1. Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, "Man is by nature a social animal." What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support, Unlike the animals, however, man's relationships give

meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with

classmates and teachers.

Relationships can also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with.

All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health.

To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) The word 'isolation' means.

i) connection

ii) confinement

iii) separation

iv) bond

$\\$

(b) What does a man pursue?

i) Wealth

ii) Knowledge

iii) Health

iv) Relationship

$\\$

(c) Who form relationship with toys?

i) Boys

ii) Girls

iii) Children

iv) Men

$\\$

(d) Emotional health is needed in _ .

i) abstraction

ii) triviality

iii) human life

iv) animality

$\\$

(e) The word 'foster' refers to _ .

i) cheer

ii) separate

iii) nourish

iv) imply

$\\$

(f) Without proper relationships, there is, indeed, _ .

i) a crisis of existence.

ii) a risk of ruin

iii) a problem of helplessness

iv) all of the above

$\\$

(g) What keeps us close to each other?

i) Society

ii) Family

iii) Livelihood

iv) Relationship

$\\$

(h) The wild animals also need _ .

i)food

ii) house

iii) company

iv) occupation

$\\$

(i) Man establishes relationships for physical and emotional-.

i) health

ii) crisis

iii) break down

iv) pleasure

$\\$

(j) Man's relationship is related to his _ .

i) enmity

ii) antipathy

iii) entity

iv) humanity

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.B~}}$ Answer the following questions:

(a) How does relationship help a man?

(b) What types of relationship are there?"

(c) What pain does the person feel who has no family?

(d) How is man's relationship different from those of other animals?

(e) What is the role of school in man's relationship

2. Read the following passage and make a flow chart showing Amerigo's sufferings after his parents' separation. (No. 1 has been done for you.)

My name is Amerigo. I am 13 years old and I live on the street, alone. My mother, who is separated from my

father, doesn't want me. She told me to go away...... Now she is married to another man. My father lives very far

away. I want to go to him, but he won't take me either. I begged him to send me some money so that I could buy

a bus ticket. I am still waiting. He hasn't answered. The streets are now my home. Sometimes I find work. I used

to collect trash and sell it to a vendor. I stopped doing that after I had a serious infection and a doctor told me to

stay away from the trash dump. Once I worked for an ice cream shop owner and sold ice cream on the beach.

But I got no money in return. The owner of the shop gave me something to eat, and let me sleep in his hut at night. The work was difficult and painful. The ice cream box is quite heavy when it is full. I had to walk for hours, offering my ice cream to whoever wanted to buy. There were days when I could not even sell one ice cream.

$\\$

$\text { 1. Living on street alone } \rightarrow 2 \rightarrow 5 \rightarrow 4 \rightarrow 4 \rightarrow 5 \rightarrow 6$

1.Read the following text and answer the questions A and B:

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, "Man is by nature a social animal." What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationships, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the animals, however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues. Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with.

All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health.

To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) The word 'intimate' could be replaced by -

i) differentiate

ii) close

iii) knowledge

iv) intrigue

$\\$

(b) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word 'Possessive'?

i) Dominating

ii) Supportive

iii) Productive

iv) Overprotective

$\\$

(c) A philosopher is a person who-.

i) thinks deeply and seriously about life and other basic matters

ii) studies the origin of the universe

iii) systematically gathers and uses research and evidence

iv) tells other about their character and predicts future

$\\$

(d) The word 'instinct' could be replaced by - .

i) impulse

ii) unconcern

iii) mishap

iv) detachment

$\\$

(e) Man seeks company of others. The word 'company' can be replaced by-.

i) farm

ii) association

iii) affection

iv) support

$\\$

(f) Man's relationships give meaning to his existence. The word 'existence! can be replaced by-.

i) attachment

ii) entity

iii) motivation

iv) inspiration

$\\$

(g) The synonym of 'foster' is -.

i) agony

ii) near

iii) chase

iv) nurture

$\\$

(h) The synonym of 'isolation' is -.

i) detachment

ii) entertainment

iii) fierce

iv) acquaintance

$\\$

(i) Man establishes relationships for physical and emotional - .

i) health

ii) help

iii) treatment

iv) pleasure

$\\$

(j) The wild animals also need.

i) food

ii) house

iii) company

iv) occupation

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.B~}}$ Answer the following questions:

(a) How do relationships help us with mental health?

(b) How do we increase our joy and decrease our misery?

(c) "A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation." Explain.

(d) "Man is by nature a social animal." - Explain.

(e) Why is relationship so important?

3. Write a summary of the following poem:

All people dream, but not equally.

Those who dream by night in the dusty recesses of their mind,

Wake in the morning to find that it was vanity.

But the dreamers of the day are dangerous people,

For they dream their dreams with open eyes,

And make them come true

2. Read the following text and make a flow-chart showing the major features of the Island of St. Martin. (One has been done for you):

The Island of St. Martin is the only coral island in Bangladesh located in the north-eastern part of Bay of Bengal. The roughly flat island is only above 3.6 metre above the sea level. The entire island can be walked about in 3 hours. The island is known for its unique natural beauty with white sandy beaches fringed with coconut palms and a diverse marine life. Due to the expansion of unregulated tourism, the island is facing increasing erosion, contamination of surface and ground water, wildlife displacement, and loss of biodiversity. Other threats include cutting of sand dune vegetation for fuel-wood and hotel establishment; degradation of sand dune habitat; the harvesting of turtle eggs; indiscriminate exploitation of coral resources etc. To address this, the Government has declared some areas of the island as Ecologically Critical Area (ECA), prohibiting unauthorized constructions there.

$\\$

$[\text { 1. Only coral island in Bangladesh }] \rightarrow[2] \rightarrow[3 \mid \rightarrow[4] \rightarrow[5] \rightarrow[6]$

1. Read the following Nelson text and answer the questions A and B:

Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world.

Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost his resolve to fight for his people's emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world.

"I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days," Mandela said in his acceptance speech on becoming South Africa's first black president in 1994...... "The time for the healing of the wounds has come. The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come." "We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation."

In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white South African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid.

Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen: "Don't call me. I'll call you." But he remained one of the world's most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights.

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) What does the word 'emancipation' in the passage refer to?

i) jubilation

ii) ovation

iii) liberation

iv) reception

$\\$

(b) What does the word 'apartheid' mean in the passage?

i) stratification

ii) socialization

iii) dissatisfaction

iv) discrimination

$\\$

(c) What does the word 'democracy' mean?

i) republic

ii) imprisonment

iii) autocracy

iv) anarchy

$\\$

(d) What does the word 'reconciliation' in the passage refer to?

i) reproduction

ii) reunion

iii) reconstruction

iv) repair

$\\$

(e) What does the word 'celebrity' in the passage refer to?

i) conservative

ii) star

iii) simple

iv) liberal

$\\$

(f) F.W. de Klerk freed Mandela from prison in - .

i) 1993

ii) 1994

iii) 1990

iv) 1963

$\\$

(g) Mandela was the first to advocate _ .

i) gathering people from all countries around the world

ii) unarmed resistance to apartheid

iii) fighting for independence

iv) breaking about unity among all

$\\$

(h) What does the word 'decade' stand for?

i) a period of ten years

ii) a period of hundred years

iii) a period of fifty years

iv) a period of ten months

$\\$

(i) "The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come." _ What is meant by 'to bridge the chasms'?

i) to save people

ii) to mitigate sufferings

iii) to reduce difference between black and white people

iv) to remove pauperism

$\\$

(j ) The range of actions of Mandela encompasses

i) from national to international problems

ii) from social repression to cultural repression

iii) from cultural aggression to AIDS

iv) from political suppression to AIDS

$\\$

$\boxed{\mathbf{~1.B~}}$ Answer the following questions:

(a) What was Nelson Mandela determined to do?

(b) How did Mandela win the support of the world?

c) Who is described "as an icon of peace and reconciliation"? Explain the reasons.

(d) "Don't call me. I'll call you." Who was the speaker of these words? What did he mean?

(e) When was Mandela awarded the 'Nobel Peace Prize"? Why did he achieve

3. Summarize the following text:

Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable, so you are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a Dietician and Nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food, and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritional value but are high in calories, salt, and fats may be considered junk foods. Though not all fast foods are junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food but is definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas, and tacos may alternate between junk and healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing." Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates, and processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardio-vascular diseases, among other chronic health problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads, etc. leading to further lack of nourishment

2. Read the following text and make short notes in each of the boxes in the flow-chart showing the functions of education. (No. 1 has been done for you):

The first thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads us to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare. Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of life, we become productive members of society. Education by definition is progressive and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.

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1. Making us aware of ourselves $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 4 $\rightarrow$ 5 $\rightarrow$ 6

3. Sumunarize the following text:

Junk foods are processed foods consisting of high calories, but that is considered only as a broad umbrella. These foods are prepared in a way that they look appealing and are enjoyable, so you are chemically programmed to ask for more. According to Dr. Sunali Sharma, a Dietician and Nutritionist, "Commercial products including salted snack foods, chewing gum, candy, sugary desserts, fried fast food, and sweetened carbonated beverages that have little or no nutritional value but are high in calories, salt, and fats may be considered junk foods. Though not all fast foods are junk foods, a great number of them are. For instance, a salad may be fast food but is definitely not junk food. Some foods like burgers, pizzas, and tacos may alternate between junk and healthy categories depending on the ingredients, calories and process of manufacturing."

Frequent consumption of junk food increases the intake of excess fat, simple carbohydrates, and processed sugar which may lead to a higher risk of obesity and cardio-vascular diseases, among other chronic health problems. The resulting obesity may begin clogging up the arteries and lay the basis of an impending heart attack. It has also been suggested that eating junk food affects the brain in the same way as consuming addictive drugs. An addiction to junk food may even result in the rejection of healthier food options like fruits, vegetables, salads, etc. leading to further lack of nourishment.

2. Read the following passage and make a flow chart showing the functions of education. (One is done for you.):

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Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write and do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows.

The first thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the development of our personality. As we begin school, we feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare.

3. Write a summary of the following text:

The famous Greek philosopher Aristotle said, 'Man is by nature a social animal. What he meant was that man, by instinct, seeks company of others and establishes relationship, much like most animals of the wild, for companionship and for physical and emotional support. Unlike the animals, however, man's relationships give meaning to his existence and inspire him to do well in education, in workplace or in a profession that he pursues.

Relationships are of different kinds. Some are familial and intimate, formed by blood and by marriage; some are social like the ones we have with friends and some are made in school where we form close bonds with classmates and teachers. Relationships can also be fostered in workplace, which may quickly change from professional to social. There are relationships also between human beings and animals, between children and their toys that they cannot part with.

All these relationships keep us close to each other and provide us all kinds of support, love and affection. A person who has no family feels the pain of loneliness and isolation. There is no one to laugh or cry with him/her. When we share our joy with someone, it simply redoubles, and when we suffer a loss and someone shares our sorrow, it lessens. Relationships are thus needed for our emotional health.

To build relationships, we need to have trust and respect for each other, and love where this is needed. We cannot be selfish and possessive if we want to establish an effective relationship. But quite often we see people quarrelling and fighting with each other which only brings misery and loss to all.

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions A and B:

Education gives us knowledge and a set of abilities to function meaningfully in life, such as the ability to decide things rationally and make the right choices. As we learn how to read, write and do the basic operations of arithmetic, we gain a degree of self-confidence. We learn to think for ourselves and articulate our thoughts; we pick up skills to communicate with others and manage our affairs well. Education helps us think independently and make our own opinions. As we know more about the world, we appreciate the good things it offers us but also become critical of the deviations from the values it imparts and the rise of hatred or conflict that follows. The first thing education does is to give us an awareness about ourselves which leads to the development of our personality. As we begin school, wo feel the need to belong to the class and make friends. We then expand our sense of belonging to include the school at large, our community and finally our country. Education thus prepares every child to become an active member of the community and work for its welfare. Education, it is believed, releases our potentials and our inner strengths. It sharpens our intellect and develops our creativity. As we are taught to reason well and find solutions to the problems of life, we become productive members of society. Education by definition is progressive and liberal, teaching us to respect human diversity and cultural and religious differences. If all of us practise these values in life, the world becomes a much happier place.

Education also fosters critical thinking and provides us a set of competencies including life skills that enable us to become competitive even in the most challenging of circumstances. Education also teaches us to appreciate beauty and the bounties of nature.

School, however, is not the only place where a child gets education. A Bangla poem tells us that nature can be our best teacher. Here are a couple of lives from the poem in English translation:

The sky has taught me to be liberal.

The wind has given me the motto to be industrious.

If we can make nature our friend, philosopher and guide, we can learn lessons about life that, combined with what our schools teach us, will prepare us for the future.

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$\boxed{\mathbf{~1. A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:

(a) What does the idiom 'at large' mean?

i) briefly

ii) independently

iii) largely

iv) dependently.

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(b) The word 'arithmetic' relates to - .

i) physics

ii) mathematics

iii)' biology

iv) chemistry

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(c) The sky teaches us to be - .

i) honest

ii) sincere

iii) liberal

iv) courageous

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(d) Imparting education to the common mass leads a community to - .

i) meanness

ii) backward

iii) prosperity

iv) humanity

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(e) The term 'self-confidence' is an outcome of - .

i ) education

ii) earning and success

iii) establishment

iv) wealth

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(f) The wind inspires us to be - .

i) punctual

ii) industrious

iii) virtuous

iv) disciplined

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(g) The word 'function' refers to

i) to work

ii) to know

iii) to think

iv) to analyze

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(h) The passage describes - .

i) the expense of education

ii) the purpose of education

iii) the scholars of education

iv) the institution of education

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(i) What does the word 'competencies' refers to - .

i) energies

ii) powers

iii) capabilities

iv) vitalities

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(j) Education supports us to choose - .

i) profit from loss

ii) wrong from right

iii) right from wrong

iv) vice from virtue

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$\boxed{\mathbf{~1. B~}}$ Answer the following questions:

(a) What does education provide us?

(b) Does education influence us in thinking? How?

(c) Do you believe that education leads to the path of socialization? How?

(d) How do we obtain the ability to manage our affairs well?

(e) Elucidate the role of nature as our "friend, philosopher and guide".