1. Read the passage and answer the questions below: Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected toempirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all. First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing. Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories.Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud wrote that dreams are ". disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes. $\\$ $\boxed{\mathbf{~A~}}$ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives:(a) The Interpretation of Dreams is a -.(i ) biological book(ii) theoretical book (iii) detective book(iv) gothic book $\\$ (b) What does the word 'disguised' mean in the passage?(i) hidden (ii) real(iii) genuine(iv) fake $\\$ ( c) 'Puzzling over the content of a dream' - What does it imply?(i) thinking deeply about the subject of dream(ii) thinking deeply about the condition of dream(iii) thinking deeply about the satisfaction of dream(iv) thinking lightly about the subject of dream $\\$ (d) What does the word 'consensus' mean?(i) refusal (ii) discord(iii) agreement(iv) dismissa $\\$ (e) In which issue researchers differ a lot?(i) dimension of dream(ii) purpose and function of dream (iii) hazards of dream(iv) essentials of dream $\\$ (f) When are the images, thoughts and emotions of a dream experienced?(i) after sleep(ii) before sleep(iii) during waking hours(iv) during sleep $\\$ (g) Sigmund Freud was a -(i) physicist(ii) neurotic(iii) psychologist(iv) palmist $\\$ (h) We may often find ourselves - during dream.(i) perplexed(ii) sorry(iii) sad(iv) sadness $\\$ (i) Which of the following is true?(i) There is a definite reason of dreaming.(ii) Dreams are a representation of conscious desires.(iii) Scientists have been researching dreams for thousands of years.(iv) We are very often puzzled by the content of dream. $\\$ (j) The word 'cognitive' means - .(i) mental process of understanding(iii) process of keeping good health(ii) process of music (iv) process of developing thoughts $\\$ $\boxed{\mathbf{~B~}}$ Answer the following questions:(a) What is the theory of Sigmund Freud about dream?(b) How much has science been successful in explaining dreams?(c) What are the benefits of dream?(d) What does the expression 'disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes' mean?(e) Define dream in your own language

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